Advanced Disease Course in Lepidoptera
Chapter I
- What is Disease?
- Scientific Terms
- Begin with the Basics
- General Information
- Farm Size
- Disinfect, Sanitize, or Sterilize?
- Tools for healthy Lepidoptera
Chapter II
- Healthy Breeding Stock (the most critical element)
- Healthy Food Plants and Enough of them (one of the two most important tools)
- Cleaning Rearing Facilities
- Recognition of Signs and Symptoms of Disease
- Identification of Disease
- Eradication of Disease
- Hand Sanitation
- Proper Rearing Containers
- Low Number of Larva in each Rearing Container
- Keep Rearing Containers Free of Excessive Frass Buildup
- SOP – Standard Operating Procedure for consistency
- A Journal – daily records of each day’s happenings and observations
- Clean Room
- Low Larva Density
- Low Frass/Trash Level
Chapter III
- Egg Production
- Disinfecting Eggs and Pupae
- Bleach Cautions
- Recipe for
- Disinfecting Eggs and Pupae
- Daily Schedule
Chapter IV
- Signs and Symptoms of Disease
- A Closer Look of Individual Signs of Disease
- Change in Larval Color
- Unusual Foul Odor
- Flaccid or Hardened Larva
- One Dead Larva
- A Closer Look of Individual Symptoms of Disease
- Loss of Appetite
- Lack of Mobility
- Diarrhea (runny frass)
- Reduced Fecundity (egg production)
- Vomiting or Regurgitating
- Marking Individual Rearing Containers
Chapter V
- Disease Transmission
- Begin with Healthy Breeding Stock
- Clean and Sanitary Rearing Containers
- Vacuuming and Sweeping the Floor
- Container Disinfection – Dirty Room
- Disposal of Contaminated Material
- Disease Outbreak Triggers
- Larval Food
Chapter VI
- Diseases Common in Lepidoptera
- NPV – Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus
- Signs and Symptoms of NPV
- NPV is Transmitted
- NPV Cleanup
- Bacteria
- BT – Bacillus thuringgiensis
- Microsporidia
- Meconium Check
- How to Check Meconium without Stain
- How to Check Meconium with Stain
- Buffalo Black Stain Recipe
- Serratia
- Aspergillus niger
- Fungus
- Other
- Additional Causes of Death
- Toxic Plants
- Pesticides
Chapter VII
- OE – Ophryocystis elektroscirrha
- How Can OE affect a Butterfly
- Why is it important to know if the problem is OE
- OE Lifecycle
- OE Signs and Symptoms
- OE’s effect on Butterflies
- Diagnosing OE
- In Pupae
- In Adults with a Microscope
- Without a Microscope
- If it has OE Spores on it
- Disinfecting Butterfly and Moth Eggs
- Preventing OE from Entering a Rearing Facility